Tech Archives - Saito https://saito.tech/category/tech/ Thu, 07 Nov 2024 19:36:01 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.7 https://saito.tech/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/pwa-192x192-1-32x32.png Tech Archives - Saito https://saito.tech/category/tech/ 32 32 Asynchronous Gaming https://saito.tech/asynchronous-gaming/?pk_campaign=&pk_source= https://saito.tech/asynchronous-gaming/#respond Thu, 12 Sep 2024 10:54:37 +0000 https://saito.tech/?p=5216 “It is difficult to hold the world’s interest for more than half an hour at a time…” – Salvador Dali The 7th highlighted update we’re talking about for Saito Summer is asynchronicity in the game engine and new and improved in game clocks; each satisfy an opposite need. Asynchronous Gaming Asynchronous Gaming is a general term to describe the ability to support secure P2P game play even if some peers are offline. For the user, the benefits are simple: you no longer need to remain online for the duration of a game, and you can now play multiple P2P games […]

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“It is difficult to hold the world’s interest for more than half an hour at a time…” – Salvador Dali

The 7th highlighted update we’re talking about for Saito Summer is asynchronicity in the game engine and new and improved in game clocks; each satisfy an opposite need.

Asynchronous Gaming

Asynchronous Gaming is a general term to describe the ability to support secure P2P game play even if some peers are offline. For the user, the benefits are simple: you no longer need to remain online for the duration of a game, and you can now play multiple P2P games at once.

This is a feature users expect, regardless of the architecture underneath, but it represented unique challenges given Saito’s advanced game engine. Nevertheless, today’s version of the game engine now accommodates a far more general set of experiences, makes less assumptions, and removes unnecessary restriction.

Async invites (for supported games) allow your opponents to begin making moves before you even come online. Players are no longer required to keep a game open to play it, letting them use other apps like Red Square, play other games, or whatever they like between moves. We invite you to play async and share any feedback.

Decentralized Clocks

Again, if Saito were a Web 2 system, it would be easy to take for granted the nuance involved in a coherent, P2P clock system. Still, this is yet another feature gamers, especially competitive gamers, expect.

Clocks have existed in Saito Games for a long time, but this update shores them up with a new system capable of keeping each players’ clocks in sync with the others and UI improvements to display this information. The new system also patches certain exploits which allowed players misrepresent their remaining time.

Without the support of a central server, you can now play tightly-timed turn-based games similarly to in-person competition or premium sites like Chess.com. This brings the feature-set of a purely public and P2P Arcade (the only blockchain project working on this tech) up to the standard of private, centralized, closed-source services. Saito is Web 3 without compromises.

“I normally do what my intuition tells me to do. Most of the time spent thinking is just to double-check.” – Magnus Carlsen

With this update very long games, taking place over the course of days or weeks, or very tightly-timed competitive experiences gain support from within the Saito Game Engine. Developers and users alike should find much utility out of these improvements.

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Gamecast https://saito.tech/gamecast/?pk_campaign=&pk_source= https://saito.tech/gamecast/#respond Tue, 27 Aug 2024 14:34:22 +0000 https://saito.tech/?p=5183 Saito’s P2P platform introduces Gamecast, a feature that combines secure cryptographic gaming with decentralized livestreaming. This feature integrates Saito’s long established Arcade with the recently launched Swarmcasting service. Saito users are now able to both play and livestream any game on the Saito Arcade – opening the door for all manner of content creation around the arcade. Not only is this an opportunity for Saito regulars to build an audience while using the platform, but an avenue to onboard new users and teach games like Twilight Struggle or the soon to release Here I Stand. It’s Easy Gamecasting could hardly […]

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Saito’s P2P platform introduces Gamecast, a feature that combines secure cryptographic gaming with decentralized livestreaming. This feature integrates Saito’s long established Arcade with the recently launched Swarmcasting service.

Saito users are now able to both play and livestream any game on the Saito Arcade – opening the door for all manner of content creation around the arcade. Not only is this an opportunity for Saito regulars to build an audience while using the platform, but an avenue to onboard new users and teach games like Twilight Struggle or the soon to release Here I Stand.

It’s Easy

Gamecasting could hardly be easier. Unlike Twitch or YouTube, where OBS, and an account each have to be meticulously configured, setup and registered. Saito Apps requires no registration, and starting a Gamecast takes just a few clicks.

1 .Start playing any game on The Arcade

2. Game Menu -> Share -> Cast game

A screenshot showing how to gamecast from a Saito Arcade game. Open the 'game' menu, then 'share,' and then press 'Cast game.'

Casting recently added YouTube support, so you can amplify your P2P Cast to YouTube and also save that livestream as a video. To see how to simulcast on YouTube and other information about Swarmcasting, consult the wiki page.

 

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Saito Modtools – Decentralized Moderation https://saito.tech/saito-modtools-decentralized-moderation/?pk_campaign=&pk_source= https://saito.tech/saito-modtools-decentralized-moderation/#respond Thu, 01 Aug 2024 18:57:32 +0000 https://saito.tech/?p=5126 Traditional Moderation Decentralized Moderation (DeMod) brings the social dynamics the regulate in-person relationships to Web 3. What does this mean? On the traditional networks, your exposures and affiliations with others are governed primarily by a platform’s universal moderation policies. This is largely in contrast to how relationships form in real life. In real life, the individual makes their own decisions on who they interact with. The reason most platforms work this way is because they are responsible for all of the content. They therefore become liable, to varying degrees, for what they decide to show you. They also do it […]

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Traditional Moderation

Decentralized Moderation (DeMod) brings the social dynamics the regulate in-person relationships to Web 3. What does this mean?

On the traditional networks, your exposures and affiliations with others are governed primarily by a platform’s universal moderation policies. This is largely in contrast to how relationships form in real life. In real life, the individual makes their own decisions on who they interact with.

The reason most platforms work this way is because they are responsible for all of the content. They therefore become liable, to varying degrees, for what they decide to show you. They also do it for power: by manipulating which content is amplified or is banished to the shadow realm, big tech controls our perception of the world.

DeMod – Decentralized Moderation

DeMod works on the level of individuals. As a sovereign user, you decide the content policies you want to subscribe, and when you want to subscribe to them; it’s all open source and modifiable on the user-level. Decentralized Moderation is both a requirement and a boon of a true P2P network.

Because messages are sent P2P, rather than client-to-server, there is no central server truly capable of content curation or moderation. This is great for the overall health of free speech on the platform, but also a significant challenge for everyday use in the face of socially destructive content.

Our Saito Node will give users our content policy to filter basic spam, smut and invectives, but won’t enforce it. You can decide in real-time whether you want a civil, or unruly experience, or anything in between.

DeMod takes the shadowy power away from algorithms or manipulative power hiding behind those algorithms. It is a necessary pillar for an internet where people’s choice is restored – you’re seeing it first on Saito. Fully open-source policies and user choice; enjoy the content policies of mainstream platforms with the transparency of a noble instantiation of Web 3. It’s the best of both worlds.

Participate

Though these tools have application beyond social media, we will be rolling them out and adjusting our node’s configuration for Red Square this week. Feedback is always appreciated.

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Saito Summer Week 3 Update https://saito.tech/saito-summer-week-3-update/?pk_campaign=&pk_source= https://saito.tech/saito-summer-week-3-update/#respond Thu, 25 Jul 2024 04:53:13 +0000 https://saito.tech/?p=5118 Saito Summer Week 3 of Saito Summer brings key updates to our recent launches and introduces a game-changing new feature to expand the reach of Saito. Reflecting on Saito’s progress in 2024 and throughout Saito Summer, we’ve achieved significant milestones – from Eth integration, to Swarmcast, to today’s upgrades, we’re consistently pushing the boundaries of Web3 technology and progressing our roadmap. YouTube Integration with Swarmcast Our latest work on Swarmcast will give users more flexibility and more power with YouTube Amplification. P2P Swarmcasters now have the option to pipe their content into a more traditional YouTube stream, enabling them to […]

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Saito Summer

Week 3 of Saito Summer brings key updates to our recent launches and introduces a game-changing new feature to expand the reach of Saito.

Reflecting on Saito’s progress in 2024 and throughout Saito Summer, we’ve achieved significant milestones – from Eth integration, to Swarmcast, to today’s upgrades, we’re consistently pushing the boundaries of Web3 technology and progressing our roadmap.

YouTube Integration with Swarmcast

Our latest work on Swarmcast will give users more flexibility and more power with YouTube Amplification. P2P Swarmcasters now have the option to pipe their content into a more traditional YouTube stream, enabling them to reach a wider audience while maintaining the core strengths of our more open platform.

In this setup, YouTube serves as an additional distribution channel, downstream from Swarmcast’s robust peer-to-peer infrastructure. This approach leverages existing platforms as utilities to amplify your decentralized streams, without relying on them. It demonstrates how Swarmcast can use traditional services to extend its reach while keeping control firmly in the hands of creators and preserving the integrity of our open ecosystem.

Roadmap and Tokenomics

The Saito Roadmap and Tokenomics structure has always prioritized organic adoption and price stability. The team is not funded through the printing of tokens, and as recently as September of 2023, we burned 2 billion tokens from the 10 billion total.

As we achieve organic growth the need for outstanding tokens diminishes. Significant progress with node and application stability, and native token transfers in the last year brought much is this growth. These were primary motivators for the burn last autumn.

2024 has brought more progress: increased application adoption, new features, new users and more transaction volume – our work leading up to and during Saito Summer so far has put us ahead of schedule. Yet the market has been slow to recognize just how fast Saito is moving, so our previous commitments to price stability are also in consideration.

With all of the above in mind, we have burned another 1 billion Saito tokens from the total supply. That’s 12.5% less tokens, for a total now of 7 billion Saito tokens.

We will revisit tokenomics in 8 – 12 months based on similar criteria. We hope to see many more new users enjoying Saito L1 by that time!

See our updated tokenomics for more details.

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Swarmcast: Decentralized Livestreaming for Everyone https://saito.tech/massively-p2p-livestream-protocol-swarmcast/?pk_campaign=&pk_source= https://saito.tech/massively-p2p-livestream-protocol-swarmcast/#respond Wed, 17 Jul 2024 01:57:49 +0000 https://saito.tech/?p=4950 Swarmcast is a revolutionary peer-to-peer (P2P) livestreaming protocol that empowers users to create live audio and video broadcasts with just consumer hardware, at minimal cost, and without any logins or subscriptions. Key Features One-click livestreaming No sign-ups or permissions required Fully decentralized Comparable functionality to X Spaces, Clubhouse rooms, and Twitch/YouTube livestreams Open-source protocol How It Works Swarmcast creates a branching network from a source broadcast: The host streams content to a few initial peers These peers pass the content to more peers The process repeats, forming a “swarm” of connected users This recursive network structure allows for decent scaling […]

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Swarmcast is a revolutionary peer-to-peer (P2P) livestreaming protocol that empowers users to create live audio and video broadcasts with just consumer hardware, at minimal cost, and without any logins or subscriptions.

Key Features

  • One-click livestreaming
  • No sign-ups or permissions required
  • Fully decentralized
  • Comparable functionality to X Spaces, Clubhouse rooms, and Twitch/YouTube livestreams
  • Open-source protocol

How It Works

Swarmcast creates a branching network from a source broadcast:

  1. The host streams content to a few initial peers
  2. These peers pass the content to more peers
  3. The process repeats, forming a “swarm” of connected users

This recursive network structure allows for decent scaling without relying on centralized servers or expensive infrastructure.

Current Status

  • Beta release
  • Performant for streams with 3-4 downstream peers (around 50 audience members)
  • Ongoing development to identify and resolve issues at larger scales

The Vision Behind Swarmcast

Inspired by the success of Saito Talk, our P2P video calling module, we adapted its technology to create a massively scalable livestreaming solution. Swarmcast aims to democratize access to high-quality livestreaming capabilities previously limited by centralization and hardware requirements.

Next Steps

  1. Refine user experience based on feedback
  2. Scale to support thousands of viewers per stream
  3. Host public Saito Team discussions using Swarmcast
  4. Encourage third-party developers to build on the protocol

Get Involved

  • Try Swarmcast now: Start a livestream, host a talk show, or create a P2P radio station
  • Developers: Build your own applications using the open-source protocol
  • Attend public events hosted on Swarmcast
  • Provide feedback on performance, UI/UX, and overall experience

Join us in shaping the future of decentralized livestreaming. Swarmcast puts the power of broadcast in your hands – use it wisely!

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P2P Gaming with Saito and Ethereum https://saito.tech/p2p-gaming-with-saito-and-ethereum/?pk_campaign=&pk_source= https://saito.tech/p2p-gaming-with-saito-and-ethereum/#respond Sat, 06 Jul 2024 00:41:12 +0000 https://saito.tech/?p=5037 We’re excited to announce the integration of the Ethereum token into The Saito Game Engine through the Mixin Service provided by Saito Nodes. This sophisticated game engine leverages Mental Poker’s commutative cryptographic techniques, initially described by RSA authors to play trustless, 1v1 poker. Saito Game Engine supports trustless, peer-to-peer (P2P) gaming far beyond poker or 1v1 games. You can try it out on the Arcade. More info on Eth integration in Saito here. Elevate Your Gaming Experience Wagering real crypto on P2P games like Poker, Settlers, and more was a natural evolution of the functionality of Saito. Eth was the […]

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Eth is integrated into the Saito Game Engine, an advanced framework extending the famous ‘Mental Poker’ protocol invented by RSA authors.

We’re excited to announce the integration of the Ethereum token into The Saito Game Engine through the Mixin Service provided by Saito Nodes. This sophisticated game engine leverages Mental Poker’s commutative cryptographic techniques, initially described by RSA authors to play trustless, 1v1 poker. Saito Game Engine supports trustless, peer-to-peer (P2P) gaming far beyond poker or 1v1 games.

You can try it out on the Arcade.

More info on Eth integration in Saito here.

Elevate Your Gaming Experience

Wagering real crypto on P2P games like Poker, Settlers, and more was a natural evolution of the functionality of Saito. Eth was the first choice for integration into these games. The Saito Arcade leverages Saito Layer-1 as a public key infrastructure (PKI). This ensures secure key exchange and sets up players for secure P2P gaming without needing a central middleman, even for multi-player games.

Profit from Engagement

Saito Nodes benefit from attracting users by offering Web3 services. By offering services like free and instant in-network Ethereum transfers, users get more out of Web3 and nodes can produce more blocks. Similar to how efficient Bitcoin miners earn more rewards, Saito Nodes that attract more users are more profitable.

Seamless Web3 Experience

Easy to use, fast, and true P2P games void of middleman is what Saito provides. Adding similarly easy, fast and cheap settlement of crypto like Ethereum into games only makes Saito Web3 more compelling. Saito offers a true, P2P and Web3 front-end to crypto wallets, dApps and games that is sorely missing from the space.

Get Started with True Web3 Development

Interested in integrating your favorite tokens into trustless games and dApps? Visit our Wiki page or reach out to the team on P2P Social Media Red Square to kick-start your journey into true Web3 application development.

Integrate Eth into real P2P, Web3 applications. Provide a Web3 front-end and take the final step in decentralizing your dApps.

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Don’t Trust Us; One-click P2P Encrypted Chat and Video Call on Saito https://saito.tech/dont-trust-us-one-click-p2p-encrypted-chat-and-video-call-on-saito/?pk_campaign=&pk_source= https://saito.tech/dont-trust-us-one-click-p2p-encrypted-chat-and-video-call-on-saito/#respond Sat, 18 May 2024 06:00:55 +0000 https://saito.tech/?p=4886 The Lay of The Land End-to-end encryption is a relatively simple and old technology, yet in 2024 there are only a handful of open source applications making it available to the general public, and either come burdened with reliance on trusted-third-party networks or naive, volunteer-operated P2P networks to verify and relay data. Centralized and naive P2P represent two ends of a compromise between network stability and decentralization, but as argued below, the decentralization of a volunteer-P2P network doesn’t solve the primary security problems associated with centralized networks, and introduces other issues. The Saito P2P Network gets the stability of a […]

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  • P2P, encrypted chat with the author:
    https://saito.io/chat?chat_id=21Usr3tkmytn26ndmcGBHs8tKAKxLJ4RfKiL2SgZhSZy2
  • Video Call Module: https://saito.io/videocall/
  • The Lay of The Land

    End-to-end encryption is a relatively simple and old technology, yet in 2024 there are only a handful of open source applications making it available to the general public, and either come burdened with reliance on trusted-third-party networks or naive, volunteer-operated P2P networks to verify and relay data.

    Centralized and naive P2P represent two ends of a compromise between network stability and decentralization, but as argued below, the decentralization of a volunteer-P2P network doesn’t solve the primary security problems associated with centralized networks, and introduces other issues.

    The Saito P2P Network gets the stability of a well-funded centralized network with the open qualities desired out of P2P by leveraging an incentivized P2P network. At scale, it allows secure key-exchange without reliance on any trusted-third-party (not even out-of-band) while avoiding the market failures, DoS vectors and funding issues that naive P2P networks face.

    This article describes why the encrypted chat linked above, and Saito generally, is more scalable and secure than networks served by private companies, or naive, volunteer-reliant P2P networks. But first it’s useful to explore how we got here:

    Trusted Third Parties… why do you need my phone number?

    Why exactly do end-to-end encryption applications like Signal require a phone number to access their networks?

    There is a practical reason, and there’s a security reason.

    The practical reason is DoS: if infinite devices were allowed to join the Signal Network, denial-of-service (DoS) attacks would be trivial as Sybils eat up network resources needed for honest users. A phone number is a filter.

    The security reason is identity: phone numbers verify the identify of Signal users so that other users have some assurance they are performing key-exchanges with their intended recipients, not imposters – that assurance is based on trusting Signal as well as the networks which own the phone numbers.

    Trusted Networks

    An encryption network cannot provide basic service without solutions to both of these problems. Simplicity is an understandable reason why most applications generally make the compromise to direct their users through a centralized network. The big issue in question then is trusting that the Signal Network (to use a specific example) is performing key exchanges without inserting spies in the middle.

    Signal does not hide this vulnerability – they encourage users, after performing a key-exchange, to verify, ‘out-of-band’, its authenticity using a Safety Number. Out-of-band implies here: ‘verify through another network,’ like SMS. This effectively outsources key-exchange security to some network(s) outside of Signal; the likelihood of an attacker compromising the exterior network(s) as well as Signal itself is lower, but the effective security is still limited by the trust one can place in out-of-band networks.

    Back to Square-One

    Security-concerned users are then still faced with the same difficult question that led them to an encrypted chat app in the first place: “what network is secure enough to compare safety numbers (authenticate my key-exchange)?” Of course, the most secure out-of-band network is in-person authentication, where there is negligible risk of a man-in-the-middle attack. This is, to say the least, a major inconvenience.

    In person and SIM ID based systems also preclude privacy, as one is necessarily doxxed in the process of setting them up. Saito at scale allows anonymous identities to establish themselves (be it for encrypted chats or otherwise) without a MITM able to covertly sit in between; the secrecy required for such an attack is foiled by robust censorship resistance.

    Naive P2P networks likewise fail to avoid out-of-band requirements for security, as they lack strong censorship resistance. And reliance on unpaid volunteers introduces questions as to sustainability and resilience at scale and under adversarial conditions of these networks.

    Volunteer-P2P Networks

    Networks like Jami and Simplex offer a fully peer-to-peer model with no personal data requirements and no central mediator. These peers are not explicitly incentivized to communicate or to be honest; even if key-exchange is performed through a P2P network, one still must either trust the peers are not malicious or, again, resort to out-of-band authentication in order to verify authenticity.

    Simplex, on their homepage, mentions out-of-band security as a feature, and Jami implies it in its instructions to share links to initiate key exchange. In reality, out-of-band key exchange is a requirement, not a feature, for protocols lacking a trustless network secure from censorship, be they P2P or fully centralized.

    P2P networks with no, or weak incentive structures are also doomed to collapse at scale as users stop relaying data for free. There is some limit to how much a volunteer P2P network can scale without falling back into closed models; this takes richer and more ambitious P2P applications atop the protocol off the table. This same issue can also rear its head at small scale via dedicated DoS attacks.

    Faced with these potential issues, the requirement from more established services like Signal that users present a valid phone number before entering a closed network seem more justified (though distributed network solutions, even if volunteer driven, offer some privacy benefits). If out-of-band authentication is required either way, and a closed network protects against rogue Sybil nodes, DoS attacks and bad incentives, most will end up using and building closed networks.

    Saito rebuts this compromise.

    Saito – An Incentivized P2P Network

    Robust P2P

    Saito is a unique P2P model: not only do nodes who faithfully and indiscriminately relay data entitle themselves to fee rewards bundled in the data, but nodes which censor data or otherwise disrupt the network are naturally bypassed thanks to ingenious incentive design: Nodes which fail to cease association with disruptive peer nodes and Sybils earn less than those that cut them out.

    To put it simply, propagation is rewarded, censorship punished, and these consequences are meted out without reliance on any corruptible, centralized authorities. The scope of the benefits and how exactly they are achieved are too big a topic for this article, but those curious are invited to start at the Wiki.

    Self-funding the P2P network solves the first big problem of an encryption protocol network: the P2P network procures necessary resources at arbitrary scale and naturally punishes DoS attackers. The second problem, enabling trustless and secure key-exchange on a single network, leverages the incentives of the network in a different way.

    Native Key-Exchange Security

    In addition to self-funding the P2P network, Saito is a probabilistically-finalizing, open consensus mechanism, meaning it grows more and more expensive to censor users, rescind data or monopolize the network as such attacks continue.

    These properties, which can summed up as Universal Broadcast, solve the problem of secure key exchange because they can make it impractically expensive to fulfill the censorship step required to MITM attack. Because these messages are universally broadcast, users can always check if someone is attempting to insert themselves between a key exchange or impersonating their target.

    This finally offers an avenue to secure key-exchange without trusted-third-parties or out-of-band fall-backs, with the caveat that the security of this network is a function of its fee-throughput. Probabilistic finality should be accounted for in the OpSec of anyone using any consensus network to verify key-exchanges.

    Note that the Saito Network is in early stages of growth, which means its ability to offer this feature which prevents the need for out-of-band authentication is still weak.

    Big Picture

    That being said, Saito makes the entire exchange process, including out-of-band authentication, stone-age-simple. Upon navigating to Saito.io/chat, a key-pair is locally generated. All someone needs to do is click your personal chat link to connect p2p with you and initiate the key exchange. No signups, installs or setup – it happens in a few clicks and seconds.

    Even without the massive scale that brings with it massive security, Saito is still a functional and self-sustaining P2P network with a rich, open-source ecosystem and public-key-cryptography built-in. Unlike P2P networks before it, Saito becomes easier to use, more robust, and more decentralized as adoption takes place.

    Our vision for Saito is that as usage and the resultant security grows, it will support key-exchanges for the whole globe more securely than any possible out-of-band network. We envision Saito as the de facto key-exchange network for all other protocols offering comparable security to in-person authentication from anywhere in the globe at the touch of a button.

    This is a bold statement, but Saito’s consensus security against majority-coalition network operators justifies it. You can read more about that here. We’ve already proven that sustainable P2P networks which place the user as the root of their own security are as easy to use as traditional web apps; see here.

    Volunteer-P2P networks such as Simplex and Jami could leave behind their out-of-band requirements, instability and funding issues by integrating Saito as their P2P protocol – we invite anyone interested in digital security as a public-good to contact us and start building.

    Get Involved

    Saito is built as a P2P PKI network where each user is a node and owns their own key-pair. Features like digital signatures and public-key encryption are built in on the ground floor and serve as primitives for applications which respect user-privacy and autonomy. Because sensitive cryptographic operations are handled either by the consensus mechanism or the client, the burden of application security on developers is largely lifted.

    This means that developers interested in building apps which respect the user’s privacy, operate P2P, perform key exchanges or authenticate data of all kinds are no longer required permission from trusted third parties, such as certificate authorities or their derivatives, to do so. Saito offers all these features trustlessly and in an easy to use development kit which can largely abstract away the hardest parts.

    Most importantly for developers, the applications give a clear path for monetization without succumbing to centralized models: application hosts earn a large portion of the network fees for being the initial point of broadcast.

    A developer who wants to build the next big app does not require the servers, reputation, OpSec or funding of big tech, and can earn money while remaining open source. If building any application that connects people is of interest to you, but you’ve always felt something was in the way, it may have been the security and infrastructure requirements of Web 2.0.

    We encourage you to experiment with Saito and leverage our open and secure network; the network itself offers a permissionless way for every user to procure their own security, and the fees earned from broadcasting naturally reward those hosting successful applications. There is no need to obtain permission from a certificate, DNS or any authority to make revenue-generating applications with robust, out-of-the-box security – Saito is a permissionless P2P network designed to scale.

    Secure key-exchange is just a building block on Saito – it’s why we made it so easy to implement. How developers compose this ability defines what’s possible on Web 3.

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    Token Persistence Update – September 4, 2023 https://saito.tech/token-persistence-update-september-4-2023/?pk_campaign=&pk_source= https://saito.tech/token-persistence-update-september-4-2023/#respond Mon, 04 Sep 2023 18:11:21 +0000 https://saito.tech/?p=4699 Team is happy to share the news that token persistence went live on Saito Mainnet last week with the activation of server-based code we’ve had under development to manage UTXO stability across network resets. As outlined in our roadmap, our goal with this shift is to move towards the ability for the Saito network to maintain a dynamic token allocation so that users can send and receive on-chain tokens with guarantees of permanence. From a technical perspective, this shift marks the official point our hardcoded “genesis” issuance files become obsolete, replaced with a dynamic file that is re-generated from our […]

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    Team is happy to share the news that token persistence went live on Saito Mainnet last week with the activation of server-based code we’ve had under development to manage UTXO stability across network resets. As outlined in our roadmap, our goal with this shift is to move towards the ability for the Saito network to maintain a dynamic token allocation so that users can send and receive on-chain tokens with guarantees of permanence.

    From a technical perspective, this shift marks the official point our hardcoded “genesis” issuance files become obsolete, replaced with a dynamic file that is re-generated from our live UTXO hashmap with each network hard-fork. In the interest of public transparency and to ensure that historical data is available for public scrutiny in the future, we have taken the step as part of our network update of ensuring token issuance files are archived and uploaded to our official Github repository with each reset. The team is continuing to monitor and test the network and integrity of these files as part of our ongoing development efforts, but is pleased to report that so far everything seems to be working perfectly.

    In terms of changes that users will notice to the in-browser Saito experience, while our ERC20 token withdrawals continue to be handled manually, we are expecting to update a new application / UI-feature to the Saito Application Suite later this week that will speed up withdrawals by allowing for a greater degree of automation in the token migration process. We are hopeful this will assist us in getting withdrawal times down to about 12 hours from the 24 or so that it currently takes.

    On a side-note, we should also mention that we are aware of the publicly-discussed issues with the Anyswap/Multichain ERC20 < – > BEP20 token bridge and recommend/request that users do not attempt to use the bridge until the situation is resolved. In the event of continued problems, we will work to update the aforementioned withdrawal tool to allow BEP20 tokens to be directly burnable and withdrawable to mainnet in a fashion similar to ERC20 tokens, thus avoiding need for the Anyswap bridge completely.

    Beyond the changes that token persistence brings to the network and the application suite, there are questions of how it should affect tokenomics questions and what changes – if any – we should be making across the our Dawn of Persistence era. In order to address these questions, and present our own thoughts, the team will be having an update on Saito tokenomics at the end of September that will provide more detailed clarity on how we expect the token persistence curve to look, as well as update to the token distribution schedule to help incentivize on-chain migration as the threshold falls.

    On a closing note, we remind readers that the entire crypto space is plagued with scams and to assume by default that anyone who contacts you with claims about migration is a scammer. If you’re not sure what is legitimate, please join the community on our Official Telegram Chat at https://t.me/SaitoIo.

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    Tolerating Malicious Majorities – Advances in Distributed Consensus https://saito.tech/tolerating-malicious-majorities-advances-in-distributed-consensus/?pk_campaign=&pk_source= https://saito.tech/tolerating-malicious-majorities-advances-in-distributed-consensus/#respond Mon, 24 Apr 2023 12:54:44 +0000 https://saito.tech/?p=4593 For the last four decades, computer scientists have believed that consensus mechanisms can tolerate a theoretical maximum of (n-1)/2 dishonest participants. This limit has recently increased to (n-1)/2+x, permitting tolerance of even a majority of dishonest actors. The advance is possible in mechanisms where attackers must expend a costly resource (“work”) to participate in consensus. Under these conditions, a malicious majority can be tolerated if the consensus mechanism can asymmetrically strip attackers of “work” over time and restore honest participants to majority status. Asymmetrically punishing attackers is accomplished by taxing the only activity attackers perform which honest nodes do not: […]

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    For the last four decades, computer scientists have believed that consensus mechanisms can tolerate a theoretical maximum of (n-1)/2 dishonest participants. This limit has recently increased to (n-1)/2+x, permitting tolerance of even a majority of dishonest actors.

    The advance is possible in mechanisms where attackers must expend a costly resource (“work”) to participate in consensus. Under these conditions, a malicious majority can be tolerated if the consensus mechanism can asymmetrically strip attackers of “work” over time and restore honest participants to majority status.

    Asymmetrically punishing attackers is accomplished by taxing the only activity attackers perform which honest nodes do not: the orphaning of work from other participants. There is a precedent for this type of tax in Bitcoin, but the penalty fails under majoritarian assault. Securing a consensus mechanism beyond that requires making work-orphaning expensive even in situations where attackers produce all of the blocks on the longest-chain.

    Framing the problem this way makes it clear why proof-of-work and proof-of-stake blockchains cannot solve it. In those mechanisms, the cost of orphaning work is identical to the cost of proposing blocks once attackers can propose a majority of blocks. When attackers spend resources to push the chain into stasis, the honest network is forced to spend an equivalent amount to resolve the deadlock. Honest nodes face symmetrical losses which prevents their recovering majority status.

    The theoretical solution that improves security involves migrating the “work” used to produce blocks into the transactions that constitute them. Attackers may still produce blocks that route around those proposed by honest nodes, but the newly-orphaned transactions can be shifted costlessly into a new block and deposited at the tip of the attacker’s chain to resolve the deadlock. Preventing this requires a more aggressive form of work-orphaning: attackers must move the work-bearing transactions into their own chain. This form of orphaning-by-inclusion is profitable in proof-of-work and proof-of-stake designs but can be made quantifiably costly in others.

    Routing work — the addition of cryptographic routing signatures to transactions — is the first known strategy that accomplishes it, modulating down the value of transactions for producing blocks as well as the expected payout from their inclusion. With a sufficiently high per-hop decay (50% or greater) attackers who orphan-by-inclusion face an expected loss from doing so, even if they produce all of the blocks in the blockchain. A properly designed mechanism not only exposes attackers to this cost, but forces them to pay it in a way that reduces their ability to generate work and participate in consensus.

    The somewhat alien nature of asymmetrical taxation may be one reason the first wave of blockchains like Saito which use routing work are still outside the mainstream. The concepts that power the network and create guaranteed economic losses for attackers are simple enough once understood. Routing signatures create a different cost structure that allows different nodes to produce blocks more and less cheaply at different times. As long as it remains cheaper for the honest network to produce at least a subset of blocks than attackers, the network will always be able to imposes losses on those attempting to commandeer the longest-chain. Those interested in a practical description of how to implement such a mechanism are invited to review our one-page summary of Saito Consensus or read our more academic whitepaper describing how this approach works. It is worth noting that the innovations here are generally applicable across the space.

    As the leading blockchain team focused on routing work – we look forward to broader awareness within academia of the fundamental advances that cryptographically-secured routing makes possible in distributed consensus. It is encouraging to see the blockchain space continue to make headway on problems that have been previously considered unsolvable. In this case, achieving quantifiable security guarantees against malicious majority coalitions is no longer an insurmountable task. The door that was opened by Bitcoin remains open — if only we can see it and walk through.

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    Saito Development Update – March 2023 https://saito.tech/saito-development-update-march-2023/?pk_campaign=&pk_source= https://saito.tech/saito-development-update-march-2023/#respond Tue, 07 Mar 2023 03:44:41 +0000 https://saito.tech/?p=4557 This post is a quick update about what is happening with Saito Development for those who track our blog updates. For more detailed updates, come to Saito RedSquare – our team is in the habit of posting updates on dev priorities there in real-time. A lot of historical work on the ‘Saito application stack’ over time has been experimental and exploratory. We have been pushing the boundaries of peer to peer blockchain applications. This led to a platform with prototypes, unused features and layers of incremental design. Recent development work has focused on RedSquare and the Saito Arcade in a […]

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    This post is a quick update about what is happening with Saito Development for those who track our blog updates. For more detailed updates, come to Saito RedSquare – our team is in the habit of posting updates on dev priorities there in real-time.

    A lot of historical work on the ‘Saito application stack’ over time has been experimental and exploratory. We have been pushing the boundaries of peer to peer blockchain applications. This led to a platform with prototypes, unused features and layers of incremental design.

    Recent development work has focused on RedSquare and the Saito Arcade in a refactor designed to fix this, resulting in a trimmer, tighter set of functions. Significant changes have been implemented to how cross-module UI elements are created and displayed, and inter-module interactions are easier to program. We have also improved some base level features like transactions are compressed, shrinking them to improve the speed and responsiveness of applications.

    For anyone following the overarching project roadmap, our refactoring work is part of our efforts to “dogfood” application development in order to improve the usability of our application suite and development tools, as part of a long-term strategy to increase transaction volume and spearhead broader adoption.

    With this refactor largely complete, we are now focused on simplifying and improving the quality of the user-facing experience, such as by adding ‘Web3 login’. This is a simple backup-and-restore option that hides behind a familiar web2 login. This work is accompanied by fixes to identifier management and a visual refresh to the sidebar menu and wallet, creating a much better and more persistent user experience. We are currently stress-testing the login system but believe this kind of “easy wallet restoration” will be key to driving mass adoption of RedSquare and game leagues.

    Another feature we have spent considerable time on improving has been peer-to-peer video calls. Team members have moved almost all two-person meetings to Saito Video Chat, and are using our experiences to keep improving stability and usability. Two person calls are currently stable and we are focused on improving automatic reconnection and other features that become critical in group calls. If you are looking for a great way to help, please assist by testing this feature on your mobile devices and report to us if you have any problems.

    Ongoing Work

    Core work continues to replace the consensus code in our javascript-stack with a WASM implementation compiled from the Rust codebase. This will make in-browser applications faster. In the distant future, WASM (web assembly) will also allow developers to plug applications written in other languages into the Saito web stack.

    Our gaming work is focused on improving the leaderboards and adding high-scoring tracking for single-player games. We are sweeping through existing games to improve the UI/UX, and trying to find time for new games including Realms – the open source card-powered enchantment game being driven by community development., We are also making updates to how our digital library module works to provide necessary support for on-chain vintage game and ROM management.

    Finally, with the new slide-in wallet moving towards completion we are refactoring 3rd party crypto support to try and improve its reliability and quality. We expect that this will take some time, but expect the result to be much more usable and reliable platform for storing third-party crypto, particularly when combined with the ability to recover accounts with the “web3 login” feature.

    As above, we are now regularly posting updates and interacting with community members in Saito RedSquare. This is the best place to stay up to date, participate in the process of identifying and discussing our priorities, and of course experience Saito while you are there.

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